As part of an Italian nationalist reaction against the Paris Peace Conference, he set up the short-lived Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume with himself as Duce. He was associated with the elite Arditi storm troops of the Italian Army and took part in actions such as the Flight over Vienna. His affairs with several women, including Eleonora Duse and Luisa Casati, received public attention.ĭuring the First World War, the perception of D'Annunzio in Italy transformed from a literary figure into a national war hero. He came under the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche which would find outlets in his literary and later political contributions. Such works represented a turn against the naturalism of the preceding romantics and were both sensuous and mystical. D'Annunzio was associated with the Decadent movement in his literary works, which interplayed closely with French Symbolism and British Aestheticism.
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